Coal breaker



F. PARDEE.

COAL BREAKER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12, 1920.

Patented Apr. 11, M22.

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ATTORNEY F. PARDEE.

COAL BREAKER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12, 1920.

Patented Apr. 11, 1922.

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LMQYQSO F. PARDEE.

COAL BREAKER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12 1920.

ILAIQJYQSD Patented Apr. 111, 1922.

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A TTUR/VEY F. PARDEE.

COAL BREAKER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12. 1920.

Patented. Apr. 1111, 1922.

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JETON, PENNSYLV.

COAL BREAKER.

' Application filed June 12,

To all whom it may concern; V Be it known that I, FRANK PARDEE, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Hazleton, county of Luzerne, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coal Breakers, of which the following is a specification. 1 v

This invention relates to improvements in coal breakers designed to. cut or divide the lumps of coal into'smaller pieces with the minimum production of very fine coal, and with other advantages which are referred to in detail hereinafter. The accompanying drawings illustrate the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through a coal breaker showing an embodiment of my invention. 7

Fig. 2 is a top plan of the breaker with the feeding device sectioned ofi'on. the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. I

Fig. 3 is a transverse section on line 3--3 of Fig. 1. a

F'g. 4 is a .detail view showing a modified construction of the yielding guide for preventing the lumps from falling endwise between the breaker rolls.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary side view of an ,anvil disc and Fig. (5 is a section on line 6 6 thereof.

Figs.- 7 and 8 are views of an alternative form of anvil disc, Fig. 8 being a section on line 88' of Fig. 7. I

Figs. 9 and 10 are enlarged views of a hawk-toothed breaker disc, Fig. 10 being a section on line 10-10 of Fig. 9, andF-i'g. 11 is an edge view of a portion of one of the teeth.

Fig. 12 is a vertical section showing an alternative construction and arrangement of the cutting rolls and Fig 13 is a horizontal section on line 1313 of Fig. 12, with parts shown in elevation.

Fig. 14 is a vertical sectionshowing another modification.

Figs. 15 and 16 are horizontal views on lines 15l5 and 1516 of Fig 14, illustrating two stages in breaking a single lump of coal.

Referring to the drawings the frame 1 supports a base 2 which has suitable bearings formed therein for the main drive shaft 3, andthe breaker roll shaft 4. The anvil roll shaft 5 is carried in arms 5 which are pivoted'on' the'shaft 3 and adapted to Specification of Letters Patent. Patented} Apr, 111 11922,

1920. Serial it). $388,462.

be locked in "different positions by bolts 5" which may be passed through any one of the several adjusting holes 2* in the frame 2. This arrangement permits ofagelative' adjustment between the shafts & and 5 to'compensate for wear on the discs carried thereby. A driving pulley 6 is secured by means of a safety shear pin 7 to the main shaft 3 and a gear 8 keyed thereon drives a gear 9' secured to the shaft 5, and this shaft in turn transmits motion to the shaft 4 through "a gear 10 fixed thereon and meshing with the gear 9.

The shaft 5 has fixed thereon a plurality of anvil discs 11 spaced a short distance from one another as in Fig. 2. These discs ma have smooth peripheries beveled as at 12 1n Figs. 7, 8, 12 and 13 thereby providing a continuous cutting edge or they may be formed with teeth 13- as shown. in Figs. 5 and 6, the latter construction being preferred as it assists in preventing the lumps fromslipping relatively to the rolls as they are turned. Y

The shaft 4 has fixed thereto a plurality of discs-14 which are adapted to co-operate with the anvil discs 11 above described. These. discs 14 may also have a continuous cutting edge similar to those on the shaft 5, but it is preferable to provide them with teeth 15 as shown in Figs. 1 and 9. These teeth are beveled at the root as at 16, Fig. 9, and are also provided with a beveled cutting edge 17 at the addendum of the tooth. These teeth are called hawk-teeth and the discs on which they are formed are herein termed hawk-toothed discs. formed as described are capable of securing a good purchase or grip on the lumps and positively carry them down into the pocket between the rolls without slipping and the Teeth toothed anvildiscs assist at this time in preventing the slippage of the lumps being acted upon.

The discs on the shafts 4 and 5 are prefer ably, though not necessarily, located with their cutting edges in line so that as they are rotated they co-act to cut or split .the lumps in a line of cleavage transverse to the length of the lumps. As the discs rotate the lumps are pinched between them, the hawk-teeth positively carrying said lumps downward and finally cutting or splitting them transversely or substantially in line with the cutting edges of said discs. In carrying the lumps downward the hooked ends 17" of the teeth 15 will strike a sharp blow on the tops of some of the larger lumps and first cut or split them substantially parallel to their longitudinal axes; subsequent] the severed portions of such lumps will a so be cut or split parallel to their transverse axes by the coaction of the opposed discs.

Means hereinafter described are provided for delivering the lumps to the rolls with their longest axes approximately parallel to the axes of the shafts carrying thesaid breaking rolls. The lateral spacing of the discs 11 and 14 is governed according to the size to which the coal is to be broken and the lumps fed thereto will usually straddle at least two of the anvil discs. Referring to Figs. 2 and 3 it Will be seen that the adjacent discs 11 on the shaft 5 are of different diameters and that the discs 14 on the shaft 4 are similarly arranged, the discs of larger diameter on the shaft 5 being opposite those of smaller diameter on the shaft 4, and those of smaller diameter on the shaft 5 being opposite those of larger diameter on the shaft 4 thus forming sort of a staggered pocket P between the two breaking rolls. It will also be seen in Figs. 2 and 3 that the teeth 15 on adjacent discs staggered with respect to one another. The arrangement of differential diameters will causea given elongated lump as shown in Fig. 2 to be acted on at different intervals thereby more uniformly distributing the load on the power transmitting mechanism, and minimizing the amount of power required to cut such a givenlump into a plurality of pieces, as the work of one set of co-acting discs due to the difference in diameter is well started before the next set starts to cut. The staggered arrangement of the teeth contributes to this effect of breaking a given lump in stages, it being apparent that the teeth thus arranged will engage the respective portions of the lump at different intervals. To illustrate, the lump L shown in Fig. 2 will first be supported-by the discs of greater diameter and cut by the discs next to the bottom in the figure, the tooth 15 of this disc being nearest the lump. It will next be acted on by the uppermost discs in the figure and finally by the discs engaging the center of the lump. Of course the lumps fed to the rolls are not of uniform size or shape and therefore this exact sequence of operations will not take place on each individual lump. However, experiment has shown that this differential arrangement of the diameters and the staggering of the teeth tends to reduce the magnitude of the shocks and to minimize the amount of power required to drive the machine.

To prevent the lumps from falling endwise between the discs of the breaking rolls I have provided a novel form of yielding guard. The guards for both breaking rolls are substantially the same andtherefore a description of one will suflice for both. These guards 18 are circular rings of comparatively thin metal, butt-jointed and united by a connecting plate 19 as shown in Fig. 1. -These rings are yieldingly supported by a,plurality of compression springs 20 which are seated in sockets 21 formed in collars 22 keyed to the shafts 4 and'5. The rings have secured thereto centering pins 23 en aging the outer ends of the springs 20, there y centering'the entire ring. It is apparent that a ring thus sugiported will be capable of-yielding when su clent force is applied to overcome resistance of the springs 20. The yielding guards need not necessarily be mounted to turn with the breaking rolls but can be formed of strips of spring metal, 18*, Fig. 4, secured tofixed cross bars 18 carried by suitable brackets on the frame of the breaker.

As the discs rotate the hawk teeth co-operating with the anvil discs cut portions off of the lumps and carry them downwardly, the

. spring rings yielding at this time and permitting the broken coal to be discharged into a. suitable receptacle or discharge chute 24. The yielding guard rings by preventing the lumps from cocking over on the rolls minimize the possibility of such lumps becoming wedged between the discs and choking up the breaker and they also assist in positioning the lumps in such position, that they are subjected to the most effective cutting action of the discs thereby minimizing the objectionable production of finely divided particles of coal known as fines in this art.

YVhile it true that the yielding guard rings ass1st 1n positioning the lumps for the most effectlve cutting action, that is with the greatest length in the direction of the axes of the breaking rolls, it is advantageous to provide means for delivering the lumps to the rolls in approximately such a position.

For effecting such a discharge of the material I employ a rotary spiral feed drum 25 11 carried by the shaft 26 mounted in suitable bearings 27 carried by the frame Z of the breaker. This drum may be conveniently driven by a pulley 28 connected by a belt 29 with the drive pulley 30 secured to the shaft 4.

This drum is open at the ends as shown in F 1g. 3 and consists of a sheet of metal formed up into a spiral substantially as shown in Fig. 1 and secured at the center to its supporting shaft 26. Material to be broken is fed into an inclined chute 31 carried by suitable supports 32, and is discharged by gravity into the open end of the spiral drum 25 at a point near the center of rotation. As the drum is rotated any lumps resting in the volute sheets will be gradually oriented so that their longest axes will be substantially parallel with the axis of the drum, and asthis axis is parallel with the axes of the breaker Leashes rolls, the lumps will be discharged with their at least two of the discs and be in position to' be acted upon by said cutting discs.

The free end of the spiral plate forming the drum is slotted as at 34 to permit the teeth 15 to enter the outer convolution of the drum so that the lumps can be gently fed directly onto the periphery of one of the cutting rolls and carried thereby down into the pocket P where they are subjected to the cuttin action of the discs, as above describe To eject any lumps which become wedged between the discs I provide Wipers 35 carried on fixed cross bars 36 sup orted on brackets 37 carried by the main ame.

In the embodiment shown in Figs. 12 and 13 the discs on the both shafts are plain ones not having any teeth for gripping the coal; the friction between certain grades of coal and the discs being suficient to positively carry the lumps to breaking position. In this embodiment the discs are of difierent diameters and are arranged so that the discs of greater diameter onthe shaft 4 are opposite those. of less diameter on shaft 5 and vice-versa thus forming a staggered pocket.

As thus arranged it is clear that a long lump supported forexample on the larger discs 11 and 11 on shaft 5, Fig. 13 will upon rotation of the discs be broken in the center by the large 'disc 14 on the shaft 4, and the lump will be further broken near its ends at a slightly later time by the coaction of the discs 11 and 11 with the. opposed discs 14 and 14 respectively.

Thesecutting discs may be rigidlysecured to the shafts 4 and- 5 as shown in Figs. 1 to 3 or they may be arranged as shown in Figs. 12 to 13 to slide along the shafts to prevent the wedging of the lumps. In this construction the discs are loosely splined on the shafts 4 and 5 and the collars 22-are rigidly fixed thereto. Springs 38 are interposed between the fixed collars22 and the loose discs and yieldingly position the latter.

on the shafts. While have shown in Figs. 12 and 13 opposed cutting rolls both of which are composed of circular discs having plain beveled cutting edges it is to be understood that the discs of'Figs- 1 to 3 can just as readily be supported in this manner if necessary or desirable.

Instead of using cutting elements both of which are movable I can use one fixed set of tit) blades adapted to co-act with a movable set of either toothed or plain cutter discs such as illustrated somewhat diagrammatically in Figs. 14 to 16. In this construction the fixed blades 39 are fixedly secured to a suitable bed plate 40 and are arranged to co-act with the discs 41 carried by a suitable shaft 42 which may be equipped with the yield- 111 rings 18 as previously described.

he set of blades 39 comprise a series of primary cutting blades (1 with secondary blades 1; interposed between them as shown. In operation a large lump L (Figs. 14 and 15) straddling the blades-will be first acted on by said blades a--a and discs 41 which will cut ofi the ends l-l. The lump will then fall to the lower position-L, Figs. 14 and 16 in which it will be subjected to the cutting action of a disc 41 and the secondary blade I) which will sever it into two pieces. With this arrangement it will be seen that the coal is cut in separate stages, the primary cutting taking place at a higher point near the location at which the lumps are fed tothe machine and the secondary cutting taking place at a lower point nearer the discharge outlet of the apparatus.

Though I have described with great part1cular1ty the detalls of the specific embodi- .ments of the invention shown it is not to equivalents may be made without departing.

from the spirit and scope of the invention set forth in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a coal breaker an anvil roll comprising a plurality of toothed discs of varying diameters and a cutter roll comprising a plurality of discs of varying diameters having hook-shaped teeth adapted to co-act with the discs on the anvil roll, said rolls being arranged. to form a pocket between them to receive the lumps on the peripheries of the discs while they are being severed.

2. In a coal breaker co-acting sets of cutter blades at least one set of-which is mov able and the blades in at least one set being lid-G of different diameters to form a staggered pocket between the two sets of blades so that a given lump of material will be cut in separate stages.

. 3. In a coal breaker a pair of co-acting cuttingrolls having disc-like blades thereon of varying diameters arranged to form a staggered pocket for receiving the lumps so that as said rolls are rotated the difierent portions of a given lump will be subjected to the cutting action of said blades at difierent times. I

4. In a coal breaker an anvil roll comprising a plurality of discs having peripheral teeth whose side faces are bevelled, and a cutter roll comprising a plurality of discs having undercut hook-shaped teeth with beveled cutting edges formed respectively at the root and on the addendum thereof substantially as shown and described and adapted to coact with the discs on the anvil roll to cut the lumps fed thereto, said rolls being arranged to form a pocket between them to receive the lumps and said anvil roll being adapted to hold the lumps on the periphery of its discs while they are being cut by the breaker roll.

5. In a coal breaker a pair of opposed cutting rolls, one comprising a number of parallel anvil discs and the other a number of toothed discs arranged to grip and cut the lumps straddling the anvil discs, and yielding supports between thediscs to prevent the lumps from skewing over before they are cut and to permit their passage after they are cut.

(5. In a coal breaker a pair of opposed rolls comprising a plurality of co-acting members by which the lumps of coal are cut and a rotary feeding device adapted to discharge the lumps with their longest axes approximately parallel with the axes of said rolls. I

7 In a coal breaker a pair of opposed rolls comprising a plurality of co-acting members by which the lumps of coal are cut and a spiral drum rotatably mounted above the rolls on an' axis parallel therewith and adapted -to orient the lumps so that they will be discharged with their greatest length substantially in line with the axis of said cutting rolls.

8. A coal breaker including a pair of rolls comprising discs arranged alongside of one another on substantially parallel shafts, drums located between said breaking discs for preventing the lumps from falling between said discs before they are cut and means carried by said shafts for yieldingly supporting said drums.

9. A coal breaker including a pair of opposed rolls comprising co-acting discs arranged to cut the lumps fed thereto, yielding members between said discs arranged to form a. longitudinal pocket between said rolls to assist in supporting the lumps in proper breaking position With their greatest length extending longitudinally of said pocket.

10. A coal breaker including a pair of parallel shafts carrying discs arranged to cut the lumps fed thereto, drums yieldingly supported on said shafts between adjacent discs adapted to form a pocket to assist in positioning the lumps lengthwise of the rolls before they are gripped thereby.

11. A coal breaker including in combination a pair of oppositely disposed cutting rolls one of which includes a plurality of lump supportlng anvil discs, and the other of Which includes a plurality of toothed cutter discs, yielding supports located between the discs of said rolls and arranged to form a pocket to assist in positioning" the lumps lengthwise'of the rolls, and a rotating spiral drumadapted to orient the lumps fed thereto and deliver them to the rolls with their greatest length substantially parallel with the axes of the rolls.

12. A feeder for lumps of coal orthe like comprising a volute plate supported at the center on a horizontal shaft adapted to be rotated so as to orient the lumps fed thereto so as to discharge them with their greatest length extending in the same direction'as said shaft.

13. A device for feeding lumps of coal or the like comprising a drumhaving a plurality of volute supporting Walls and adapted to be rotated on a horizontal axis so as to position the lumps fed thereto so that their longest axes will be substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of said drum when they are discharged therefrom.

14. In a coal'breaker a plurality of disclike blades arranged alongside one another on a rotary shaft and a set of primary and secondary blades of different diameters adapted to co-act therewith, the cutting edges of which are so shaped and positioned with relation to said rotat ng blades that the primary blades will first cut the lumps and the secondary blades will later subject the remaining portions thereof to a further cuttin action.

n witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

" FRANK PARDEE. 

